Rouler - to Roll; to Drive - French Verb Conjugations

The  French verb  rouler means to roll or drive. Find simple conjugations for this regular -er verb in the tables below. Conjugations of Rouler Present Future Imperfect Present participle je roule roulerai roulais roulant tu roules rouleras roulais il roule roulera roulait nous roulons roulerons roulions vous roulez roulerez rouliez ils roulent rouleront roulaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle roul Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je roule roulerais roulai roulasse tu roules roulerais roulas roulasses il roule roulerait roula roult nous roulions roulerions roulmes roulassions vous rouliez rouleriez roultes roulassiez ils roulent rouleraient roulrent roulassent Imperative tu roule nous roulons vous roulez Verb conjugation patternRouler  is a  regular -ER verb

Same Sex Marriages Are Negative Impact On A Child

In our society the sanctity of marriage, for both male and female has drastically changed and evolved into the acceptance of same-sex marriages (Hansen, 1997). Essentially, marriage that is a sacred union between both male and female, preserved by religious, family and political institutions, is now obsolete in our present civilization. For many people, they have accepted the norm that every person has equal rights to choose his or her stance on same-sex marriages, and the government cannot restrict their liberties, yet for others, they cringe at the notion of this taboo topic since they do not know how far the status quo can be altered and even so preserved. They understand that the typical nuclear family, which was once a husband, wife and kids, is now being transformed, adopted and accepted to same-sex couples that are seeking to have children, adopt and raise children as their own (Gold, 1994). This raises many questions and concerns if same-sex marriages are negative impact on a child, or on the plus side, a benefit for a child’s upbringing and success. This field of same-sex marriages is open to many mixed opinions and studies, yet the underlining concern needs to be the safety and welfare of the child (Rauch J, 2009). It is definitely fair to agree that this subject of raising children within same-sex marriages will definitely have some sort of outcomes on the child. This can only be explained through literature, theories and investigations that show theShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage1041 Words   |  5 PagesCompare-Contrast Synthesis 10/11/2013 English 111x Gay Marriage Gay marriage is a topic that is heavily debated in this day and age. Whether or not it should be legal for homosexuals to get married is a theme that authors Andrew Sullivan, who wrote â€Å"For Gay Marriage† and William J. Bennett, who wrote â€Å"Against Gay Marriage† use in there articles. The main points the authors both discus is the meaning of marriage itself, the social impact same sex marriage will have on society, and the influence on childrenRead MoreThe Controversy Surrounding Same Sex Parenting1255 Words   |  6 Pagesorientation impacts child and adolescent development. Opponents of same-sex parents argue that sexual orientation has a negative impact on child development, while proponents argue that the relationship between the child and parents is what matters. National, state, and local governments are faced with the controversy surrounding same-sex parenting. People have very strong opinions on both sides of the argument. Children and adolescents who are under lesbian or gay parents have normal child developmentRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal958 Words   |  4 PagesAs of June 26th, 2015, same-sex marriage is legal. The landmark Supreme Court case caused much controversy over the ruling. Many are rejoicing over the freedom to marry whoever they desire, proclaiming a recently popular phrase, â€Å"love wins.† However, there are some who strongly oppose the ruling; many disagree due to opinion and religious beliefs. Some are reluctant to accept this change because they do not like the idea of a sterile marriage where biologically producing children on their own isRead MoreGay Adoption Should Be Legal1411 Words   |  6 PagesA mother and father figure is no longer the only way to raise a child. Today, it is becoming more common for homosexuals to raise children. It is legal for heterosexuals to adopt children in all states; however, homosexuals do not have the same right. Many states are trying to find loophole s to ban homosexuals from adopting. Gay adoption should be legal in all states because children can be raised in the same upbringing as heterosexual parents, sometimes can have better lives than those who are raisedRead MoreComparative Family Policies Same Sex Marriage1006 Words   |  5 PagesHomework One Comparative Family Policies—same-sex Marriage On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of the freedom to marry, allowing same-sex couples to marry nationwide. So far 21 other countries also passed laws that made same-sex marriage legal nationwide. What are these countries that allow same-sex marriage? When or in which year did each country make it legal? 1 (5 pts) Argentina (2010) Belgium (2003) Brazil (2013) Canada (2005) Denmark (2012) England/Wales (2014)Read MoreThe Australia Constitutions Definition of Marriage 986 Words   |  4 Pagesto regulate and define the meaning of marriage. It has been defined as â€Å"a formal, monogamous and heterosexual union for life†. This definition of marriage is taken from the 19th century English cases, which are Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee . However, nowadays, people start to challenge the definition of marriage given in the constitution and demand for the change. They want the definition of marriage includes same sex couples and these couples been given the same rights as heterosexual couples. ThalerRead MoreThe Rights Of Same Sex Couples1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe rights of same-sex couples is a big controversy currently, and although there are still many in opposition, the number of supporters increases regularly. Not only do most opposing take a religious standpoint, but they also claim is have a negative effect on â€Å"real marriage† and that same-sex households cannot provide the necessary parenting needed to properly raise a child. Not only do most advocates feel that some of the opposing arguments make no sense, but also that others are based off ofRead MoreIssue of Gay Marriage1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Issue of Gay Marriage Summary This essay debates the issue of same sex marriage in the United States. It considers the pros and cons and examines the constitutional issues involved. Introduction Two strangers become friends and later fall in love. They tell their friends and family that they have each found their soul mate and they intend to get married as soon as possible. There is only one issue preventing them from getting married, not financial issues, and there are no love trianglesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Same Sex Marriage875 Words   |  4 PagesNegative Effects of Same-Sex Marriage Introduction In the past 50 years, the American family has undergone immense changes. In the past, families remained extremely conservative and traditional families, upholding the ideal of marriage, which remained between a man and a woman. Recently, with the passing of Obergefell v. Hodges, same-sex marriage is now legal in the United States. Consequently, the idea of marriage has been redefined, and, as a result, the new legislature will now have significantRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Made Legal? Australia?1035 Words   |  5 PagesShould same-sex marriage be made legal in Australia? Should same-sex marriage be made legal in Australia? This is something you and I have heard in recent years come up time and again in the media and private conversations. But why is this an issue? We need to understand why this is even an issue. Let’s talk about what is a marriage. Society’s perspective of marriage is that it is a permanent, social, legal contract between two people who have mutual rights between the two people that are agreed

Jackal Reaction Paper free essay sample

Although I believe that not all the companies behave the way Jackal portrays his selected companies, they do illustrate common aspects that I can observe in real corporations and in my own work place. This reaction paper will explore specific areas of â€Å"Moral Mazes† that illustrate organizational culture in American businesses and how bureaucratic organizational structure maps out moral consciousness that relate directly to my personal and professional life. These specific areas of discussion include: inner circles and connections; decentralization and accountability; team player versus self-promotion; and finally, image and public illusion. Jackall introduces Max Weber’s description of the Protestant ethic as to the set of beliefs and binding social rules that guide the methodical, rational subjection of human impulse and desire to God’s will through â€Å"restless, continuous, systematic work in a worldly calling† (Jackall, 2010, p. 6). Furthermore, Jackall presents Weber’s Prussian model of bureaucracy, which is objective, close to detail, standardized, impersonal and separates the offices from persons (Jackall, 2010, p. 10). I agree with Jackall that these two terms, Protestant ethic and the Prussian model of bureaucracy, are idealistic systems in which any kind organization would run efficiently and smoothly. The reason why I support these ideas is because I believe hard work, like the Protestant ethic preaches, can lead someone towards success. Moreover, with Weber’s Prussian model of bureaucracy, processes would be fair and objective. Unfortunately, I also believe that these are not the sole ingredients to succeed. Protestant ethics eventually lead people to accumulate wealth, which then sparked a domino effect towards bureaucracy. Jackall describes patrimonial bureaucracy, which was the organizational form of kings and princes, as personal loyalty being the norm, not loyalty to an office (Jackall, 2010, p. 11). However, modern American organizations are administrated as a hybrid between the pure form of bureaucracy and the patrimonial bureaucracy (Jackall, 2010, p. 11). This leads me into my first point of inner circles and connections. Even Jackall himself ironically channeled through bureaucratic elevators through the core of his study that was the basis of this book. Originally, Jackall was rejected by thirty six different corporations that did not want to be ethically studied and gave suspicious excuses like they were going through â€Å"transitional phases† and that there were no tangible organizational benefits to be gained from a study of managerial ethics. Talking to the right people however, Jackall was â€Å"vouched for† and was able to penetrate several high ranked executives in the few companies that he meticulously studied as well as gained the trust of many managers that gave him great insight upon ethical issues within their organizations. Jackall illustrates this â€Å"if you know people, you’ll go to places† idea once again in Chapter 2 with the example of Weft Corporation’s new CEO who staffed all key positions with people form his inner circles as well as with people who served under him in the Army during World War II (Jackal, 2010 p. 35). I agree with Jackall that connections can lead you to places because I have a friend that got a very prestigious managerial position in a big insurance company in Canada where his uncle is currently CEO. When CEO’s have power it is said to be a centralized business, however, decentralization creates a more efficient spectrum in the business side of the organization. As Jackall states, decentralization pushes down responsibilities and decisions as far down the organizational line as possible (Jackall, 2010, p. 18). In a decentralized structure, it gives top executives to take credit for positive outcomes and wash their hands when there are failures by pushing down details along with responsibilities and decisions. This was the case with Enron and the top executives playing dumb when everyone was trying to point fingers. For example, Kenneth Lay, former CEO and chairman of Enron, genuinely believed and accepted that he did not know anything about the Enron scandals and procedures. This is an example of lack of accountability and how pushing down details allows superiors to get off the hook. Another important consequence that pushing down of details create is the fact that middle managers, who know the details, become the â€Å"point men† or â€Å"fall guys† when things go wrong (Jackal, 2010, p. 22). This lack of accountability is truly disturbing and unfair. In my old job at a stainless steel company where I worked in the marketing department, a coworker got blamed for missing a deadline that was not clearly stated by her manager. She almost ended up losing her job and, instead of being accountable for the mistake, her manager blamed her for not paying close attention to her instructions. My next point of discussion involves the relationship between being a â€Å"team player† and the concept of â€Å"every man for himself†. Like Jackall states that, in order to get ahead, one must be a team player. Jackall uses an analogy where a football team is the organization. For example, the quarter back is the boss and a player is anyone who has a stake in and is involved in a decision, etc. I only partially agree with Jackall’s view where being a team player will get you ahead because in some way one must play as a team and cooperate with one another in order to reach similar goals. However, I lean more towards Jackall’s cynical and somber reality of individuality and self-promotion. I believe that one can get ahead by how he presents himself and how well he sells himself. Like Jackall explains, one sells oneself and will differentiate from others with the right style (Jackall, 2010, p. 0). I recently got an internship with Northwestern Mutual. They are currently ranked in the top ten internship programs in the country. I personally do not have a stacked up resume or anything like that, but I sold myself very well in the initial interview, presented myself even better and left them with a memorable first impression. In order to leave a la sting and impressive self-brand one must â€Å"dress for success†. Like Jackall describes, bureaucracies not only rationalize work, buy they rationalize people’s public face (Jackall, 2010, p. 49). I could not agree more with Jackall on this idea. I believe that image and professionalism separates the dominating and strong from the weak. Even if it is a facade, external appearances are critical. This part of the â€Å"mask† that Jackall mentions throughout this book. In relation to image Jackall mentions public perception or illusion in one of his interviews: â€Å"The whole thing becomes a complicated game of maintaining the public perception, the illusion really, that I’m on the move† (Jackall, 2010, p. 47). I believe that task oriented skills will only get you so far, but it is the perception that you have on others what is truly going to propel you. Concluding this paper, I want to remark the importance of networking, connections and relationships one nurtures throughout one’s personal and professional career. One never knows which will become an important stepping-stone towards a successful and happy career. In relation to decentralizing organizations, it is easy for top executives to wash their hands when something goes wrong. Being accountable not only shows character, it is also the right thing to do. Moreover, balancing both factors of â€Å"team player† and â€Å"self-promotion† not only will one have a strong equilibrium but will also maintain the right tools to get ahead successfully. Finally, wearing that â€Å"mask† and portraying the illusion to maintain a strong image is a dependable skill worth polishing and implementing. I originally thought of Moral Mazes as a difficult read due to the sophisticated and eloquent language used by Jackall, but I quickly caught into it, especially re-reading certain sections after our class discussions. It really surprised me how people’s perceptions differ throughout the different situational and moral dilemmas. Even though it is financially difficult to achieve, it would be interesting to read a large-scale study version of Moral Mazes.

The Effect of Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction and Switching Costs On Customer Loyalty An Empirical Study Of Hypermarkets In Taiwan

Summary This is a summary of the article â€Å"The Effect of Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction, and Switching Costs on Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Hypermarkets in Taiwan, by the authors Tsai, Ming-Tien;  Tsai, Chung-Lin;  Chang, and Han-Chao†. The study was conducted in Taiwan focusing on hypermarkets in retail industry sector, due to their increasing importance in the country. This paper is going to address these three aspects and their interrelationships.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effect of Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction and Switching Costs On Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study Of Hypermarkets In Taiwan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The retail industry in Taiwan is very competitive and as a result, the hypermarkets offer low prices to their products than the micro- retailers and convenience stores in order to attract more customers. Even though, the hype rmarkets are incurring losses due to saturation of markets, thus a lot of effort is directed towards cutting on costs, retaining consumers, and widening profit margins. Tsai, Tsai, and Chang are of the opinion that satisfaction on a customer is key to success of any business. A consumer is always reflecting on goods and services that maximize on value (Tsai, Tsai and Chang 730). According to Tsai, Tsai and Chang, a customer’s satisfaction is more likely to be increased if the value of goods and services satisfy his/her expectations, thus leading to increased consumption. Thus, an entrepreneur should look out at customer’s value from a customer’s perspective to lessen the disparity between these two perceptions. Consumer satisfaction is a dissimilar function between discernment and expectation, and it is instinctively affirmative or negative feeling. In order to develop suitable responses, studies and researches should focus efforts on accurate measurement of the level of consumer satisfaction (Tsai, Tsai and Chang 731). Customer loyalty on the other hand refers to the likelihood of his/her continued future consumption, service contracts, less possibility of changing a brand and affirmative recommendation to the public. Two types of consumer loyalty are identified namely; long- term consumer loyalty, which is considered a genuine loyalty and short- term loyalty, which describes the likelihood of a consumer to change business operators. This describes the level of competitiveness in a liberal market economy. The fact that a loyal customer is likely to bring more customers to a business makes entrepreneurs consider loyalty a major boost. Customer loyalty could be measured in terms of recurrent intention to purchase and tolerance in price variations (Tsai, Tsai and Chang 732).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Switching cost the ory generally is described as sacrifices or consequence penalties consumers sense they may sustain by changing entrepreneurs. It is considered as the substantial cost sustained as a result of switching service provider. Three main variable varieties describe switching cost theory. They include: 1) Switching costs that are inclined to time (2) switching costs that are financial in nature and related to profit; and (3) switching costs that define an emotional relationship. Both a consumer and an entrepreneur are vital subjects in determining switching cost. Higher costs of consumer switching are have a probability of highlighting the relationship between satisfaction of a consumer and loyalty of the consumer. This connection characterizes an investment of vital aspects by a consumer linked to resources, efforts, and time involved and presents a hindrance to a dissatisfied customer who wishes to switch suppliers (Tsai, Tsai and Chang 733). This study sought to establish whether an affi rmative view of the value of a consumer value would have a positive impact on satisfaction of a customer, and whether switching costs as the moderating variable would have an impact on the value of consumer relating it to the his/her loyalty(Tsai, Tsai and Chang 734). The inter-relating effects between variables (consumer satisfaction, customer values, customer loyalty and switching costs) were investigated using regression analysis to authenticate the assumptions based on cause and effect correlation(Tsai, Tsai and Chang 736). The results obtained established that the value of a customer has a considerable affirmative impact on the loyalty of a customer. Conspicuously, service value was noted to have a greater impact on customer loyalty. Tsai, Tsai, and Chang are of the opinion that a consumer will continually approximate the optimum value of goods or services. Increasing the performance and the quality of services will not only satisfy the demand of a customer but will also appeas e the consumers and encourage a habitual intention to purchase and continued anticipated consumption.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effect of Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction and Switching Costs On Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study Of Hypermarkets In Taiwan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the study established that opportune and appropriate services, quality, and value of products provided by entrepreneurs enhance satisfaction of a customer and encourage short- term customers into long-term associations. The study also ascertained that satisfaction of a customer has considerable positive impact on the loyalty of a customer (Tsai, Tsai and Chang 737). Critical Analysis Tsai, Ming-Tien, Tsai, Chung-Lin, Chang, Han-Chao. â€Å"The Effect Of Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction, And Switching Costs On Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study Of Hypermarkets In Taiwan.† Social Behavior And Personality, 2010, 38(6): 729-740. Ming-Tien Tsai is a PhD, Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Chung-Lin Tsai on the other hand is a PhD Candidate, Department of Business Administration, National Cheng Kung University and staff member, Department of Finance while Han-Chao Chan is PhD, Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan. In their paper, Tsai et. al. review the aspects of customer value, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and how they interact with each other for the better of the company. The market under study is the Taiwan market. They note that the Taiwanese retail market has become very competitive and the hypermarkets therefore have resorted to employing different strategies for the purposes of customer attraction and retention (p. 730). The hypotheses of relationships between customer value and loyalty, customer satisfaction and loyalty, custom er value and satisfaction and switching costs and Customer satisfaction and loyalty was used in evaluating the Taiwanese market (p. 732-734). In their analysis of these parameters of the Taiwanese market, they use regression analysis to assess the impact of customer satisfaction. Loyalty and value, and they conclude that since the competition in the market is increasing and the other methods of tackling it are proving costly. Due to the increased competition in the market and with customers looking for the best whenever they go shopping, the supplier with additional services to the existing low prices will be most preferred. For this reason, the hypermarkets have to look for ways that would be appealing to the customers and consumers, so that they may return more often. The only way would be by establishing customer loyalty where the hypermarkets would be guaranteed of a market for their products. They also note that switching costs play a significant role in the determination of cu stomer base and purchasing power (p. 738).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An analysis of the market will be a very good move for the hypermarkets that may want to establish good relationships with the customer. Competition will lead to the prices going down and thus different strategies have to be developed to ensure competitive market advantage. One of the ways in which they could carry this out is by countering their competition in terms of prices and after-sales services. The additional services that they provide will attract the customers and this will definitely spread to a large population of the consumers via word of mouth. In this case, it is very evident that customers are not only interested in the prices of the goods and services that they pay for, but also in the type and quality that they receive. Their satisfaction with what they receive will determine their loyalty, and if they do not get value for their, they are bound to move to a different place in search of better offers! Therefore, the hypermarkets ought to maintain customer satisfacti on gauges in order to correct the areas that are a letdown to them. Hence, these companies have to set up quality assessment modules that will enable them to gauge their rating as a company and where they stand in terms of market-competition and customer loyalty. Work Cited Tsai, Ming-Tien, Tsai, Chung-Lin and Chang, Han-Chao. â€Å"The effect of customer value, customer satisfaction and switching costs on customer loyalty: an empirical study of hypermarkets in Taiwan.† Social Behavior and Personality,  38.1(2010):729-738. This research paper on The Effect of Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction and Switching Costs On Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study Of Hypermarkets In Taiwan was written and submitted by user Kathleen Rojas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

anotated bibliography women in media Essay Example

anotated bibliography women in media Essay Example anotated bibliography women in media Essay anotated bibliography women in media Essay Professor Hall 2 December 2013 Title What is beauty? It is hard to define, yet easy to recognize. This could be why many women struggle to see their own beauty. A main contributor to the lowering self- esteem to women is the unattainable body image produced by the media. When a company creates an advertisement they usually cast good looking people to represent them. When this idea is taken to an extreme with digital restoration and photo shop this can lead to the distortion of peoples self-image. This distortion can turn into disorders like anorexia, bulimia, and body shaming. These unrealistic portrayals of women can have the most effect on young girls because they tend to be very impressionable. Russell stated that 53% of children age 13 are unsatisfied with their bodies and by age 17 it had increased to 78% (Russell). Its sad to think by the age of thirteen girls are thinking about their fgures and are unhappy with how they look. the focus of this paper will be on how media can crucially effect the body image of women and distort how they see themselves. Annotated Bibliography Every day we see an uncountable amount of commercials. The media has a huge nfluence on how we act, what we buy and, even more importantly, what we eat. Many of the actors featured in these influential commercials are most often very thin and attractive. When they portray every day women as a size two they are misleading the watcher into thinking they are overweight. This kind of misinformation can lead to body shaming and eating disorders. I will be exploring how media can distort the self-image of its watchers by using underweight and unrealistic actors. For example, I will compare and contrast the self-image produced by the Victoria Secret ad ampaign as opposed to the self-image produced by Dove in their commercials. In this paper, I am going to show the effects of media on the self-image of the watcher. I will touch on the airbrushing techniques used by the editors, to slenderize the already thin actors, as well as the sexual undertones used in these commercials. I will discuss how these contribute to the watchers distorted body image and insecurities. I am also going to go into the specific effects of these media tactics on children. Children are more impressionable and this means they are at a higher risk of being ffected by these unrealistic commercials. One counter argument I will be addressing is the thought that low self-esteem and bad body image are preexisting and merely enhanced by the media. HAAS, CHERYL J. , et al. An Intervention For The Negative Influence Of Media On Body Esteem. College Student Journal 46. 2 (2012): 405-418. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Nov. The authors briefly discuss the effects of media on womens self-image. This scholarly journal then shows data from two different experiments exploring the effects of the media on womens body esteem, sexual attractiveness, and weight concern. This data will be helpful in my paper when I discuss the amount of women affected. I will use this scholarly article for background information about self-esteem, eating disorders, and the media. This connects with the ted talk I found because they both discuss the concept of beauty being in the eye of the beholder. This article talks about how to rectify women self-esteem while in Cameron Russell: looks Arent everything. Believe Me, Im a Model. She shows even beautiful people have their insecurities. Russell, Cameron. Cameron Russell: Looks Arent Everything. Believe Me, Im a Model. TED: Ideas worth Spreading. N. p. , Jan. 2013. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. This ted talk starts out with a very beautiful and thin model standing middle stage. She discusses how being a model is not everything young girls imagine it to be. She exposes the industry from the inside and shows how they had her wearing revealing outfits at the young age of thirteen. She then goes on to explain the insecurities the business brings and how being beautiful does not mean your body image is good. I will use this ted talk to quote her real definition of beauty. Mid-way through the talk Russell states statistics about children and body image; this should be useful in my research paper. I will also use this ted talk to talk about the photo shop used by the media to make women look almost unobtainable. I found a lot of the information in this ted talk relating back to my scholarly article. Concept of airbrushing and the statistics on girls with body insecurities tie this ted talk back to the previous article. Gaillet, Lynee, Abgela Hall-Goodsey, and Jennifer L. Vala. Guide To First Year Writing. Southlake: Fountianhead, 2013. Print. In The Guide To First Year Writing I found many pages to help with the research ortion of this paper. I found pages 81-89 very useful in this respect. Pages I will use for my paper are pages 90 and 91 . The section regarding argument and thesis gave the most information. These pages helped me narrow my topic down into a reasonable thesis to get started. Page 92 helped me plan my counterarguments and helped me make sure I was not undermining my main point. I plan to use a couple quotes in my paper and this chapter helped me correct my format as well as understand the in text citations. This book relates back to my other sources in that it can help me structure my argument and keep on topic.

Karl Benz and the First Practical Automobile

Karl Benz and the First Practical Automobile In 1885, a German mechanical engineer named Karl Benz designed and built the worlds first practical automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine. A year later, Benz received the first patent (DRP No. 37435)  for a gas-fueled car  on January 29, 1886. It was a three-wheeler called the Motorwagen or Benz Patent Motorcar. Benz built his first four-wheeled car in 1891. He started Benz Company and by 1900 became the worlds largest manufacturer of automobiles. He also became the first legally licensed driver in the world, when the Grand Duke of Baden granted him the distinction. Whats especially remarkable was that he was able to achieve these milestones despite coming from a relatively modest background.   Early Life and Education Benz was born in 1844 in Baden Muehlburg, Germany (now part of Karlsruhe). He was the son of a locomotive engine driver who passed away when Benz was only two years old. Despite their limited means,  his mother ensured he got a good education. Benz attended the Karlsruhe grammar school and later Karlsruhe Polytechnic University. He studied mechanical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and graduated in 1864 when he was only 19 years old. In 1871, He founded his first company with partner August Ritter and called it the Iron Foundry and Machine Shop, a supplier of building materials.  He married Bertha Ringer in 1872 and his wife would go on to play an active role in his business, such as when he bought out his partner, who had become unreliable. Developing the Motorwagen Benz began his work on a two-stroke engine  in hopes of establishing a new source of income. He had to invent many parts of the system as he went along, including the throttle, ignition, spark plugs, carburetor, clutch, radiator, and gear shift.  He received his first patent in 1879.   In 1883, he founded Benz Company to produce industrial engines in Mannheim, Germany. He then began designing a motor carriage with a four-stroke engine based on Nicolaus Ottos patent. Benz designed his engine and the body for the three-wheel vehicle with electric ignition, differential gears, and water-cooling. In 1885, the car was first driven in Mannheim. It achieved the speed of eight miles per hour during a test drive. After receiving a patent for his gas-fueled automobile (DRP 37435), he began selling his automobile to the public in July of 1886. Parisian bicycle-maker Emile Roger added them to his line of vehicles and sold them as the first commercially-available automobile. His wife helped promote the Motorwagen by taking it on a historic 66-mile trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show its practicality for families. At the time, she had to purchase gasoline at pharmacies, and manually repair several malfunctions herself. For this, an annual antique auto rally called the Bertha Benz Memorial Route is now held annually in her honor. Her experience led to Benz adding gears for climbing hills and brake pads. Later Years and Retirement In 1893, there were 1,200  Benz Velos produced, making it the worlds first inexpensive, mass-produced car. It participated in the worlds first automobile race in 1894, finishing in 14th place. Benz also designed the first truck in 1895 and the first motor bus. He patented the boxer flat engine design in 1896. In 1903, Benz retired from Benz Company.  He served as a member of the supervisory board of Daimler-Benz AG from 1926 until his death. Together, Bertha and Karl had five children. Karl Benz passed away in 1929.

Comparative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparative Law - Essay Example It is a necessary element of a contract that is intended to be legally binding. In cases where a party is attempting to prove the existence of a contract, evidence of consideration often proves useful. However, "the onus is on the party seeking to prove the contract to demonstrate intention and the nature of the relationship between the parties." (Clarke, 2008). Additionally, in order to prove that both parties intended to enter into legal relations with one another, the agreement must have been very specific in its material components. "An agreement which is 'vague or ambiguious', incomplete or constitues a mere 'agreement to agree' will not be enforceable." (Clarke, 2008). In terms of proving a contract's validity, it is important to note that contracts do not always have to be written; they can be oral. Certain types of contracts, as protected by the 1677 Statute of Frauds, do have to be signed. And it is certainly much easier to prove the validity of a contract with a signed docu ment. (Clarke, 2008). German contract law is known to place an emphasis on citizens' rights to govern their own affairs with no or little interference from the government. According to the Principle of Abstraction, "contracts only create an obligation, but there are no actual changes to the legal correlation concerning the object of the contract." (Wikipedia, 2008). In recent years, however, Germany has been moving toward a trend of greater regulation. According to Germany's Civil Code 157, "contracts are to be interpreted in accordance with good faith and fair dealing having regard to commercial practices." (Lando, 1996). Contracts are often voided if an unfair weight is placed on one of the involved parties, especially if that party is somehow weaker, such as a minority or a consumer rather than a professional. In contemplating the validity of a contract, also to be considered are the issues that were involved in the initial formation of that particular contract. (Wikipedia, 2008). Germany is a member of the European Union, which has its own set of regulatory principles regarding contracts. (Wikipedia, 2008). The Principles of European Contract Law is a lengthy document detailing regulations of contracts to be governed by law of the European Union. Some of the articles in this set of principles, to be addressed subsequently, pertain to contract terms, revocation of an offer, and unfair advantages. The European Union includes, as of January 1, 2007, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. (Rosenberg, 2007). Chinese contract law holds both parties involved in a contract to be legally equal. Similar to contract law in Germany, those contracts in which one party unfairly takes advantage of another party may be voided. Contracts in China may be oral or written but similar to both Australia and Germany, there are certain circumstances in which a contract must be written and signed. One of these cases is that of a lease. Whether oral or written, contracts must include which parties are involved, the object or subject of the contract, quantity and quality specifications, remuneration, time limit, method of performance, legal